Pay dividends. Each share is worth the number of stations a company has that have trains to service them. The game ends after all shares have been purchased, all "8" trains have been acquired, or twelve dividend payouts have been made. Released as part of the Essen package from Winsome. Following gaming cards are in the box: cards: width 45mm and high 68mm 45x With the "Apple" games you will receive a playcard4 with a value of 4 euros to spend in the next order within 60 days.
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Statistics for the boardgame: " Cardgame". It has been viewed times. Description Cardgame is an economic slugfest by the designer of railroad games like Lokomotive Werks and Union vs. Cards in the game Following gaming cards are in the box:. Mayday Games. High-Low Poker, in which the pot is divided equally between the highest and the lowest hands, is attested as early as according to Morehead and Mott-Smith.
The rise of modern tournament play dates from the World Series of Poker started in So many ridiculous assertions are made about the antiquity of Poker that it is necessary to point out that, by definition, Poker cannot be older than playing-cards themselves, which are only first positively attested in 13th century China, though some arguable evidence exists for their invention a few centuries earlier.
Playing-cards first reached Europe in about , not directly from China, but from the Islamic Mamluk Empire of Egypt through the trading port of Venice. Mamluk cards themselves also do not derive directly from Chinese cards but bear obscure relationships to the geographically intervening cards of India and even more obscurely Persia Iran.
Surviving specimens of Mamluk cards come from an original card pack consisting of four suits swords, polo sticks, goblets, coins of 13 ranks each numerals one to ten, junior viceroy, senior viceroy, and king. The only known Chinese card games of that period were of the trick-taking variety; and, while we have no contemporary account of games played with the Mamluk pack, it too was clearly designed for trick-taking.
Fourteenth century Europe saw an explosion in the variety of designs, suit-systems and structures of playing-cards, culminating before in the establishment of the principal European suit systems Italian, Spanish, Swiss, German, French and a correspondingly wide variety of accompanying games. Melding and numerical games were probably derived from, or modelled on, dice games of the period, though we lack sufficient information to be able to reconstruct the actual forms of dice play. It is hard to imagine a process of Poker-style vying operating in dice games of the time, as vying originally depended entirely on being able to hide the identity of the cards you hold or draw by exposing only their plain sides to the other players, whereas the outcome of dice throws is necessarily open and visible to all.
This should not be taken to imply Poker-style vying, however, which may be a very late development. The earliest style of vying may more closely have resembled that traditionally followed in the English game of Brag. In ancient card games such as Put and Truc , two players each received three cards and played them to tricks, but either player at any point could offer to double the stakes before playing a card.
The other could then either accept the double and play on, or decline it and concede defeat for the existing undoubled amount. A problem endemic in card-game history is that contemporary descriptions of vying are never unambiguous, partly because they find it easier to give an example of a round of vying without detailing the principles on which it is based, thus giving rise to irresolvable ambiguities, and partly because it never occurred to them that there could be more than one possible way of doing it.
Two fundamentally different types of vying may be categorized as the Equalization method Poker style and the Matching method English Brag style. Equalization method. A player wishing to stay in the pot must increase his stake by the amount necessary to match the total so far staked by the last raiser, and may also raise it further.
If unwilling to do either, he must fold. In the following example, column 3 shows the total staked so far by each player, and column 4 the total in the pot. A and D have now equalized, thus calling for a showdown.
Whichever of them wins it gains a pot of 16 less his total stake of 5, making 11 profit. Matching method. In this case a player wishing to stay in the pot must match the stake just made by the preceding active player, instead of merely making up the difference between his total stake and that of the last raiser. As before, he may then also raise it further, or, if unwilling to do either, must fold.
Further variations may be encountered, especially in Brag. For example, under what might be called a 'flat rate' system, each in turn must either add a fixed, invariable unit to his stake or else fold, and play continues until only two remain in the pot, when one of them can call by betting double.
American Brag, as played according to an American Hoyle, used the equalization method, but an edition of points out that the game is played in various ways and describes a different vying procedure.
In this, a player who brags when holding a pair but not otherwise may demand a private showdown with the next active player in rotation. They then examine each other's hands without showing them to the others, and the lower of the two must be folded. Play continues until only two remain and one of them either folds or 'calls for a sight [showdown]' upon equalizing.
This procedure has the peculiar consequence that you can be forced into a showdown without having had a chance to raise. In Bouillotte there are circumstances in which equalizing does not necessarily force a showdown but entitles the next active player in rotation to instigate another round of raising. It is also possible for a player who cannot meet the last raise to call a sight for the amount he has left and stay in the pot without further betting until a showdown, when, of course, he cannot win more than the amount he has staked even if he proves to have the best hand.
Articles on Poker history mention a wide variety of earlier vying games, not all of them entirely relevant. For the sake of clarity, they may be grouped according to the number of cards dealt and listed as follows. Of these, Bouillotte and Brag are most relevant to the genesis of Poker. Four-card games include Primiera Italian, 16th century - present and its English equivalent Primero 16th - 17th centuries , Gilet under various spellings, French, 16th - 18th centuries , Mus Spanish, specifically Basque, current, of unknown age , Ambigu French, 18th century.
None of these have much bearing, if any, on Poker. Five-card games include the German Pochen or Pochspiel, which may be equated with a 15th-century game recorded as Bocken, and was played in France first under the name Glic and subsequently as Poque.
Of all early European gambling games this one is most obviously germane to the genesis of Poker to the extent of having ultimately furnished its name. Thus Pochspiel is the game Spiel of poching , i. In its earliest form it appears as boeckels, bocken, bogel, bockspiel and suchlike.
Pochen has a long history in the German repertoire and is not entirely extinct today. An early form of Brag was also played as a three-stake game, and a similar pattern underlies Mus - where, however, the first part has been split into two, thus turning it into a four-part game.
Given that Poker originated in culturally French territory, its likeliest immediate ancestor is Poque, the French version of Pochen. Poque first appears under this name in the late 16th century, but was previously played in France under the name Glic.
Louis Coffin writes "The French name was poque, pronounced poke, and Southerners corrupted the pronunciation to two syllable to pokuh or Poker". Poque, however, was a tripartite game played by up to six players with a card pack, whereas the earliest form of Poker was a one-part game played with a card pack equally divided among four. If Poker was based primarily on Poque, we must assume that it developed naturally within a community that was already acquainted with a card vying game and decided to use the same stripped pack for a new version of Poque based only on the vying section.
A possible candidate for this influence could be its contemporary and equally French game of Bouillotte , itself played by four with a card pack, albeit with only three cards dealt to each and the top card of stock turned up to enable four of a kind. This, however, would have left a five-card vying game in which the only effective combinations were four or three of a kind.
To account for the introduction of one and two pairs and the full house we must either assume that they were obvious additions that may already have been drafted into Poque itself, or else look for another game from which they could have been borrowed.
Which brings us to The problem with this theory is that it is based on no more than a strong resemblance and suffers from a total lack of contemporary evidence, since the earliest descriptions of As-nas do not occur until the s. Culin, in connection with several incomplete sets of Persian playing cards generally referred to as ganjifeh , consulted a certain General A. Houtum Schindler of Tehran and received a reply describing As-nas in terms remarkably similar to that of Poker.
The resemblance between As-nas and card Poker is very close though Schindler does not mention four of a kind - probably by oversight. Original descriptions of card Poker unfortunately do not specify how combinations rank. The question naturally arises as to which way round any borrowing may have taken place. Favouring the priority of As-nas is the fact that As-nas cards, a subset of the Persian ganjifeh pack, are attested as early as in Persia, though without any account of the game played with them.
Against it are -. Research by Jeffrey Burton has thrown new light on the significance of Brag to the development of Poker. Brag is the English national vying game and remains popular in Britain today, though it has undergone considerable evolutionary development in the past years and is restricted to a social stratum having no significant overlap with that of Poker. First described by Lucas in , Brag is basically from the central section of the tripartite game of Post and Pair, or Belle Flux et Trente-un.
For much of the 18th century it was popular with the same sort of society that played Whist , especially with its distaff side, which accounts for the fact that Hoyle himself went so far as to write a Treatise on it published in Burton surmises that Brag reached America in the late colonial period at the hands of English emigrants, British colonial officials, and perhaps Americans returning from transatlantic visits.
At first played mainly in the plantation colonies of the South - Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas - by about it had caught on in New England, as well as in the southern states of the young republic. Its first description, in The New Pocket Hoyle Philadelphia, , continued to be faithfully reproduced in a succession of American Hoyles for much of the 19th century, though the game itself was well on the way out by , having been replaced by - or, rather, merged into - the form of Poker to which it contributed the draw.
Until that time, however, as Burton says, a multitude of contemporary memorabilia testifies that the rules and procedures were more or less the same in the California goldfields at the end of the s as they had been in the gaming salons of Mobile or New Orleans in the s and in the taverns of Washington or New York twenty years before that.
Brag, he continues, "disappeared during a period of no more than five or six years between, roughly, and The five-card Poker hand yielded a far greater range of distinctive combinations than the Brag hand, in which the pair-royal three of a kind and pair were still the only ones recognized by American players.
Hence, when the draw was transplanted from Brag to Poker, the three-card game lost its following in next to no time.
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